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Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
Trichloroacetic acid cycling in Sitka spruce saplings and effects on sapling health following long term exposure.
Environ. Pollut. 130, 165-176 (2004)
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA, CCl
3
COOH) has been associated with forest damage but the source of TCA to trees is poorly
characterised. To investigate the routes and effects of TCA uptake in conifers, 120 Sitka spruce (
Picea sitchensis
(Bong.) Carr)
saplings were exposed to control, 10 or 100
m
gl
1
solutions of TCA applied twice weekly to foliage only or soil only over two
consecutive 5-month growing seasons. At the end of each growing season similar elevated TCA concentrations (approximate range
200
e
300 ng g
1
dwt) were detected in both foliage and soil-dosed saplings exposed to 100
m
gl
1
TCA solutions showing that TCA
uptake can occur from both exposure routes. Higher TCA concentrations in branchwood of foliage-dosed saplings suggest that
atmospheric TCA in solution is taken up indirectly into conifer needles via branch and stemwood. TCA concentrations in needles
declined slowly by only 25
e
30% over 6 months of winter without dosing. No effect of TCA exposure on sapling growth was
measured during the experiment. However at the end of the first growing season needles of saplings exposed to 10 or 100
m
gl
1
foliage-applied TCA showed significantly more visible damage, higher activities of some detoxifying enzymes, lower protein contents
and poorer water control than needles of saplings dosed with the same TCA concentrations to the soil. At the end of each growing
season the combined TCA storage in needles, stemwood, branchwood and soil of each sapling was
!
6% of TCA applied. Even with
an estimated half-life of tens of days for within-sapling elimination of TCA during the growing season, this indicates that TCA is
eliminated rapidly before uptake or accumulates in another compartment. Although TCA stored in sapling needles accounted for
only a small proportion of TCA stored in the sapling/soil system it appears to significantly affect some measures of sapling health.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
enzyme activity; exposure; forest damage; needles; protein; soil
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0269-7491
e-ISSN
1873-6424
Journal
Environmental Pollution
Quellenangaben
Volume: 130,
Pages: 165-176
Publisher
Elsevier
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Soil Ecology (IBOE)