Lower morning to evening cortisol ratio is associated with cognitive impairment in men but not women: An analysis of 733 older subjects of the cross-sectional KORA-Age study.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Psychoneuroendocrinology 51, 296-306 (2015)
    
    
 	
    
	
	  DOI
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			Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
		
     
    
      
      
	
	    Background A dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis (HPA) is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment. Surprisingly, little agreement exists on the association of cortisol and cognitive impairment. Thus, we sought to examine the association between cognitive function and salivary cortisol levels in a representative sample of older men and women. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 733 study participants (65–90 years old, mean age = 74.9) of the population-based KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg)-Age study. Associations were examined between cognitive function (determined by telephone interview for cognitive status-modified, TICS-m) and salivary cortisol measured upon waking (M1), 30 min after awakening (M2), and in the late evening (E). Results In a dose response manner, lower morning (M1 and M2), and increased evening levels were observed in participants with probable dementia (4.5%, N = 33) and slightly increased in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (13.8%, N = 101) compared to healthy individuals. Higher morning to evening ratios were associated with reduced odds of cognitive impairment, even after adjustments for important confounders (M1/E ratio: OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.08–2.07, M2/E ratio: 1.41, 1.01–1.95, per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase). However, the significant association of an increased risk for cognitive impairment was observed among men (M1/E: OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.24–3.02; M2/E = 1.74, 1.12–2.71) but not women (M1/E: OR = 1.11, 0.69–1.78; M2/E = 1.09, 0.67–1.77). Conclusion Our findings suggest that dysregulated HPA axis reactivity, evidenced by blunted diurnal cortisol responses, are associated with impaired cognitive function in an aged population.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Cortisol; Cognitive function; Aging; Population-based Sample; Hpa Axis Responses; Salivary Cortisol; Awakening Response; Stress Hormones; Telephone Interview; Memory Performance; General-population; Diurnal Cortisol; Tics-m
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2015
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        2014
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2014
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0306-4530
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1873-3360
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 51,  
	    Issue: ,  
	    Pages: 296-306 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Elsevier
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Oxford
        
 
	
        
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        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institute(s)
        Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
    
 
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-504000-003
G-504000-006
G-504090-001
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2014-11-25