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Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
Effects of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on human sleep, sleep-associated memory consolidation, and blood monocytes.
Brain Behav. Immun. 47, 178-185 (2015)
Pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) are major players in the interaction between the immune system and the central nervous system. Various animal studies report a sleep-promoting effect of IL-1 leading to enhanced slow wave sleep (SWS). Moreover, this cytokine was shown to affect hippocampus-dependent memory. However, the role of IL-1 in human sleep and memory is not yet understood. We administered the synthetic IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra (IL-1ra) in healthy humans (100mg, subcutaneously, before sleep; n=16) to investigate the role of IL-1 signaling in sleep regulation and sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation. Inasmuch monocytes have been considered a model for central nervous microglia, we monitored cytokine production in classical and non-classical blood monocytes to gain clues about how central nervous effects of IL-1ra are conveyed. Contrary to our expectation, IL-1ra increased EEG slow wave activity during SWS and non-rapid eye movement (NonREM) sleep, indicating a deepening of sleep, while sleep-associated memory consolidation remained unchanged. Moreover, IL-1ra slightly increased prolactin and reduced cortisol levels during sleep. Production of IL-1 by classical monocytes was diminished after IL-1ra. The discrepancy to findings in animal studies might reflect species differences and underlines the importance of studying cytokine effects in humans.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Il-1ra ; Memory Consolidation ; Monocytes ; Prolactin ; Sleep; Long-term Potentiation; Hippocampal-dependent Memory; Rheumatoid-arthritis; Necrosis-factor; Messenger-rna; Tnf-alpha; Mononuclear-cells; Human Brain; Rat-brain; Inhibition
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0889-1591
e-ISSN
1090-2139
Journal
Brain, Behavior and Immunity
Quellenangaben
Volume: 47,
Pages: 178-185
Publisher
Elsevier
Publishing Place
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed