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Kemppainen, K.M.* ; Ardissone, A.N.* ; Davis-Richardson, A.G.* ; Fagen, J.R.* ; Gano, K.A.* ; León-Novelo, L.G.* ; Vehik, K.* ; Casella, G.* ; Simell, O.* ; Ziegler, A.-G. ; Rewers, M.J.* ; Lernmark, A.* ; Hagopian, W.* ; She, J.X.* ; Krischer, J.P.* ; Akolkar, B.* ; Schatz, D.A.* ; Atkinson, M.A.* ; Triplett, E.W.* ; TEDDY Study Group (Beyerlein, A. ; Bonifacio, E. ; Hummel, M. ; Hummel, S. ; Foterek, K. ; Kersting, M. ; Knopff, A. ; Koletzko, S. ; Peplow, C. ; Roth, R. ; Stock, J. ; Strauss, E. ; Warncke, K. ; Winkler, C.)

Early childhood gut microbiomes show strong geographic differences among subjects at high risk for type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes Care 38, 329-332 (2015)

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OBJECTIVE: Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes. This pilot study determines how geographical location affects the microbiome of infants at high risk for type 1 diabetes in a population of homogenous HLA class II genotypes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples collected from 90 high-risk, nonautoimmune infants participating in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study in the U.S., Germany, Sweden, and Finland. RESULTS: Study site-specific patterns of gut colonization share characteristics across continents. Finland and Colorado have a significantly lower bacterial diversity, while Sweden and Washington state are dominated by Bifidobacterium in early life. Bacterial community diversity over time is significantly different by geographical location. CONCLUSIONS: The microbiome of high-risk infants is associated with geographical location. Future studies aiming to identify the microbiome disease phenotype need to carefully consider the geographical origin of subjects.

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