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Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
Real-time analysis of organic compounds in ship engine aerosol emissions using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation and proton transfer mass spectrometry.
Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407, 5939-5951 (2015)
Organic combustion aerosols from a marine medium-speed diesel engine, capable to run on distillate (diesel fuel) and residual fuels (heavy fuel oil), were investigated under various operating conditions and engine parameters. The online chemical characterisation of the organic components was conducted using a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometer (REMPI TOF MS) and a proton transfer reaction-quadrupole mass spectrometer (PTR-QMS). Oxygenated species, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons were characterised. Especially the aromatic hydrocarbons and their alkylated derivatives were very prominent in the exhaust of both fuels. Emission factors of known health-hazardous compounds (e.g. mono- and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons) were calculated and found in higher amounts for heavy fuel oil (HFO) at typical engine loadings. Lower engine loads lead in general to increasing emissions for both fuels for almost every compound, e.g. naphthalene emissions varied for diesel fuel exhaust between 0.7 mg/kWh (75 % engine load, late start of injection (SOI)) and 11.8 mg/kWh (10 % engine load, late SOI) and for HFO exhaust between 3.3 and 60.5 mg/kWh, respectively. Both used mass spectrometric techniques showed that they are particularly suitable methods for online monitoring of combustion compounds and very helpful for the characterisation of health-relevant substances.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Diesel Fuel ; Heavy Fuel Oil ; Poly-cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Rempi Tof Ms ; Ship Emissions; Gas-phase Basicities; Speed Diesel-engines; Exhaust Emissions; Particulate-emissions; Operating-conditions; Photon Ionization; Air-pollution; Molecules; Fuel; Affinities
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1618-2642
e-ISSN
1618-2650
Quellenangaben
Volume: 407,
Issue: 20,
Pages: 5939-5951
Publisher
Springer
Publishing Place
Heidelberg
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Reviewing status
Peer reviewed