The topography significantly affects microclimatic conditions and the physical properties of soil along and between slopes of different orientations in desert ecosystems. The goal of the present study was to determine the relationship between slope orientation and bacterial, as well as fungal, community composition both in bulk soil and soil particle-size fractions at different time points throughout the seasons (very dry autumn and moister winter). The soil bacterial and fungal community composition was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene respectively ITS fingerprinting after PCR amplification of extracted DNA from soil. Our results indicate that bacterial community composition was mainly affected by the different sampling time points, whereas fungal community composition was affected by both slope orientation and sampling time point. Soil fractionation revealed that these differences are mainly due to shifts of fungal communities in the clay fractions.