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Perez, L.* ; Wolf, K. ; Hennig, F.* ; Penell, J.* ; Basagana, X.* ; Aguilera, I.* ; Agis, D.* ; Beelen, R.* ; Brunekreef, B.* ; Cyrys, J.* ; Fuks, K.B.* ; Adam, M.* ; Baldassare, D.* ; Cirach, M.* ; Elosua, R.* ; Dratva, J.* ; Hampel, R. ; Koenig, W.* ; Marrugat, J.* ; de Faire, U.* ; Pershagen, G.* ; Probst-Hensch, N.M.* ; de Nazelle, A.* ; Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J.* ; Rathmann, W.* ; Rivera, M.* ; Seissler, J. ; Schindler, C.* ; Thierry, J.* ; Hoffmann, B.* ; Peters, A. ; Künzli, N.*

Air pollution and atherosclerosis: A cross-sectional analysis of four European cohort studies in the ESCAPE study.

Environ. Health Perspect. 123, 597-605 (2015)
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BACKGROUND: In four European cohorts, we investigated the cross-sectional association between long-term exposure to air pollution and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CIMT), a pre-clinical marker of atherosclerosis. METHODS: Individually assigned levels of NO2, NOx, PM2.5, absorbance of PM2.5 (PM2.5abs), PM10, PMcoarse, and two indicators of residential proximity to highly trafficked roads were obtained under a standard exposure protocol (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution effects-ESCAPE study) in the Stockholm area (Sweden), the Ausburg and Ruhr area (Germany) and the Girona area (Spain). We used linear regression and meta-analyses to examine the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and CIMT. RESULTS: The meta-analysis with 9183 individuals resulted in an estimated increase in CIMT (geometric mean) of 0.72% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -0.65%, 2.10%) per 5 µg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 and 0.42% (95% CI: -0.46%, 1.30%) per 10(-5)/m increase in PM2.5abs. Living in proximity to high traffic was also positively but not significantly associated with CIMT. Meta-analytic estimates for other pollutants were inconsistent. Results were similar across different adjustment sets and sensitivity analyses. In an extended meta-analysis for PM2.5 with three other previously published studies, a 0.78% (95% CI: -0.18%, 1.75%) increase in CIMT was estimated for a 5 µg/m(3) contrast in PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: Using a standardized exposure and analytical protocol in four European cohorts, cross-sectional associations between CIMT and the eight ESCAPE markers of long-term residential air pollution exposure did not reach statistical significance. The additional meta-analysis of CIMT and PM2.5 across all published studies also was positive but not significant.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Intima-media Thickness; Use Regression-models; Long-term Exposure; Particulate Matter; Subclinical Atherosclerosis; Carotid-artery; Oxidative Stress; Young-adults; No2; Metaanalysis
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0091-6765
e-ISSN 1552-9924
Journal Environmental Health Perspectives
Quellenangaben Volume: 123, Issue: 6, Pages: 597-605 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Research Triangle Park
Publishing Place NC [u.a.]
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI2)
CCG Biomarker for the subclassification of T2DM (KKG-KDB)