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Krischer, J.P.* ; Lynch, K.F.* ; Schatz, D.A.* ; Ilonen, J.* ; Lernmark, A.* ; Hagopian, W.A.* ; Rewers, M.J.* ; She, J.X.* ; Simell, O.G.* ; Toppari, J.* ; Ziegler, A.-G. ; Akolkar, B.* ; Bonifacio, E.* ; TEDDY Study Group (Beyerlein, A. ; Hummel, M. ; Hummel, S. ; Knopff, A. ; Peplow, C. ; Roth, R. ; Stock, J. ; Strauss, E. ; Warncke, K. ; Winkler, C.)

The 6 year incidence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in genetically at-risk children: The TEDDY study.

Diabetologia 58, 980-987 (2015)
DOI PMC
Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Islet autoantibodies, in addition to elevated blood glucose, define type 1 diabetes. These autoantibodies are detectable for a variable period of time before diabetes onset. Thus, the occurrence of islet autoantibodies is associated with the beginning of the disease process. The age at, and order in, which autoantibodies appear may be associated with different genetic backgrounds or environmental exposures, or both. METHODS: Infants with HLA-DR high-risk genotypes (DR3/4, DR4/4, DR4/8 and DR3/3) were enrolled and prospectively followed with standardised autoantibody assessments quarterly throughout the first 4 years of life and then semi-annually thereafter. RESULTS: Autoantibodies appeared in 549/8,503 (6.5%) children during 34,091 person-years of follow-up. Autoantibodies at 3 (0.1%) and 6 (0.2%) months of age were rare. Of the 549, 43.7% had islet autoantibodies to insulin (IAA) only, 37.7% had glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) only, 13.8% had both GADA and IAA only, 1.6% had insulinoma antigen-2 only and 3.1% had other combinations. The incidence of IAA only peaked within the first year of life and declined over the following 5 years, but GADA only increased until the second year and remained relatively constant. GADA only were more common than IAA only in HLA-DR3/3 children but less common in HLA-DR4/8 children. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Islet autoantibodies can occur very early in life and the order of appearance was related to HLA-DR-DQ genotype.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Autoimmunity ; Diabetes In Young Children ; Hla-dr-dq Genotypes ; Incidence ; Islet Autoantibodies ; Type 1 Diabetes; Islet Autoantibodies; Classification; Antibodies; Antigen-2; Age
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0012-186X
e-ISSN 1432-0428
Journal Diabetologia
Quellenangaben Volume: 58, Issue: 5, Pages: 980-987 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Springer
Publishing Place Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.]
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes Research Type 1 (IDF)