Excess costs of comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        PLoS ONE 10:e0123292 (2015)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Comorbidities are often reported in patients with COPD and may influence the cost of care. Yet, the extent by which comorbidities affect costs remains to be determined. OBJECTIVES: To review, quantify and evaluate excess costs of comorbidities in COPD. METHODS: Using a systematic review approach, Pubmed and Embase were searched for studies analyzing excess costs of comorbidities in COPD. Resulting studies were evaluated according to study characteristics, comorbidity measurement and cost indicators. Mark-up factors were calculated for respective excess costs. Furthermore, a checklist of quality criteria was applied. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included. Nine evaluated comorbidity specific costs; three examined index-based results. Pneumonia, cardiovascular disease and diabetes were associated with the highest excess costs. The mark-up factors for respective excess costs ranged between 1.5 and 2.5 in the majority of cases. On average the factors constituted a doubling of respective costs in the comorbid case. The main cost driver, among all studies, was inpatient cost. Indirect costs were not accounted for by the majority of studies. Study heterogeneity was high. CONCLUSIONS: The reviewed studies clearly show that comorbidities are associated with significant excess costs in COPD. The inclusion of comorbid costs and effects in future health economic evaluations of preventive or therapeutic COPD interventions seems highly advisable.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Review
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Health-care Utilization; Network Medicine; Beta-blockers; Inhaled Corticosteroids; Cardiovascular-disease; Cancer-therapy; Co-morbidity; Older-adults; Inflammation; Multimorbidity
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2015
    
 
    
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        2015
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1932-6203
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 10,  
	    Issue: 4,  
	    Pages: ,  
	    Article Number: e0123292 
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            Public Library of Science (PLoS)
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Lawrence, Kan.
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
80000 - German Center for Lung Research
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-505300-002
G-501800-531
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2015-04-17