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Tian, F. ; Clift, M.J.* ; Casey, A.* ; del Pino, P.* ; Pelaz, B.* ; Conde, J.* ; Byrne, H.J.* ; Rothen-Rutishauser, B.* ; Estrada, G.* ; de la Fuente, J.M.* ; Stöger, T.

Investigating the role of shape on the biological impact of gold nanoparticles in vitro.

Nanomed. 10, 2643-2657 (2015)

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AIM: To investigate the influence of gold nanoparticle geometry on the biochemical response of Calu-3 epithelial cells. MATERIALS & METHODS: Spherical, triangular and hexagonal gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were used. The GNP-cell interaction was assessed via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biochemical impact of GNPs was determined over 72 h at (0.0001-1 mg/ml). RESULTS: At 1 mg/ml, hexagonal GNPs reduced Calu-3 viability below 60%, showed increased reactive oxygen species production and higher expression of proapoptotic markers. A cell mass burden of 1:2:12 as well as number of GNPs per cell (2:1:3) was observed for spherical:triangular:hexagonal GNPs. CONCLUSION: These findings do not suggest a direct shape-toxicity effect. However, do highlight the contribution of shape towards the GNP-cell interaction which impacts upon their intracellular number, mass and volume dose. KEYWORDS: CD95 (APO-1/Fas); Cathepsin-B; biocompatibility; caspases; cell death; gold nanoparticles; lung epithelial cells; nanoparticle shape; nanotoxicology; reactive oxygen species

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