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Pfefferle, P.I.* ; Büchele, G.* ; Blümer, N.* ; Roponen, M.* ; Ege, M.J.* ; Krauss-Etschmann, S. ; Genuneit, J.* ; Hyvärinen, A.* ; Hirvonen, M.R.* ; Lauener, R.* ; Pekkanen, J.* ; Riedler, J.* ; Dalphin, J.-C.* ; Brunekeef, B.* ; Braun-Fahrländer, C.* ; von Mutius, E.* ; Renz, H.*

Cord blood cytokines are modulated by maternal farming activities and consumption of farm dairy products during pregnancy: The PASTURE study.

J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 125, 108-115 (2010)
DOI PMC
Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
Background: Traditional farming represents a unique model situation to investigate the relationship of early-life farm-related exposure and allergy protection. Objectives: To investigate associations between maternal farm exposures and cytokine production in cord blood (CB) mononuclear cells in a prospective multinational birth cohort of 299 farm and 326 nonfarm children and their families. Methods: Supernatants from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin-stimulated CB mononuclear cells were assessed for the production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-12. Results: Significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in farm compared with nonfarm children were found, whereas IL-5, IL-10, and IL-12 levels did not differ between study groups. Maternal contact with different farm animal species and barns and consumption of farm-produced butter during pregnancy enhanced the production of proinflammatory CB cytokines, whereas maternal consumption of farm-produced yogurt resulted in significant lower levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in umbilical blood. Conclusion: Maternal exposure to farming activities and farm dairy products during pregnancy modulated cytokine production patterns of offspring at birth.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Keywords Hygiene hypothesis; allergy protection farm; effect; cord blood cytokine pattern
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0091-6749
e-ISSN 1097-6825
Journal The journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Quellenangaben Volume: 125, Issue: 1, Pages: 108-115 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Elsevier
Publishing Place Amsterdam [u.a.]
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)