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Trenkwalder, C.* ; Allen, R.P.* ; Högl, B.* ; Paulus, W.* ; Winkelmann, J.

Restless legs syndrome associated with major diseases: A systematic review and new concept.

Neurology 86, 1336-1343 (2016)
Postprint DOI PMC
Open Access Gold (Paid Option)
Recent publications on both the genetics and environmental factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) defined as a clinical disorder suggest that overlapping genetic risk factors may play a role in primary (idiopathic) and secondary (symptomatic) RLS. Following a systematic literature search of RLS associated with comorbidities, we identified an increased prevalence of RLS only in iron deficiency and kidney disease. In cardiovascular disease, arterial hypertension, diabetes, migraine, and Parkinson disease, the methodology of studies was poor, but an association might be possible. There is insufficient evidence for conditions such as anemia (without iron deficiency), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, multiple sclerosis, headache, stroke, narcolepsy, and ataxias. Based on possible gene-microenvironmental interaction, the classifications primary and secondary RLS may suggest an inappropriate causal relation. We recognize that in some conditions, treatment of the underlying disease should be achieved as far as possible to reduce or eliminate RLS symptoms. RLS might be seen as a continuous spectrum with a major genetic contribution at one end and a major environmental or comorbid disease contribution at the other.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Review
Corresponding Author
Keywords Willis-ekbom Disease; Periodic Limb Movements; Iron-deficiency Anemia; Cardiovascular-disease; Risk-factors; Diagnostic-criteria; Parkinsons-disease; Blood-pressure; Heart-disease; Sleep
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0028-3878
e-ISSN 1526-632X
Journal Neurology
Quellenangaben Volume: 86, Issue: 14, Pages: 1336-1343 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publishing Place Philadelphia
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Neurogenomics (ING)