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Gross, I. ; Durner, J.

In search of enzymes with a role in 3′, 5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate metabolism in plants.

Front. Plant Sci. 7:576 (2016)

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In plants, nitric oxide (NO)-mediated 3′, 5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) synthesis plays an important role during pathogenic stress response, stomata closure upon osmotic stress, the development of adventitious roots and transcript regulation. The NO-cGMP dependent pathway is well characterized in mammals. The binding of NO to soluble guanylate cyclase enzymes (GCs) initiates the synthesis of cGMP from guanosine triphosphate. The produced cGMP alters various cellular responses, such as the function of protein kinase activity, cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels and cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases. The signal generated by the second messenger is terminated by 3′, 5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDEs) enzymes that hydrolyze cGMP to a non-cyclic 5′-guanosine monophosphate. To date, no homologues of mammalian cGMP-synthesizing and degrading enzymes have been found in higher plants. In the last decade, six receptor proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana have been reported to have guanylate cyclase activity in vitro. Of the six receptors, one was shown to be a NO dependent guanylate cyclase enzyme (NOGC1). However, the role of these proteins in planta remains to be elucidated. Enzymes involved in the degradation of cGMP remain elusive, albeit, PDE activity has been detected in crude protein extracts from various plants. Additionally, several research groups have partially purified and characterized PDE enzymatic activity from crude protein extracts. In this review, we focus on presenting advances toward the identification of enzymes involved in the cGMP metabolism pathway in higher plants.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Review

Corresponding Author

Keywords Cgmp ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Nitric Oxide ; Phosphodiesterases ; Plants ; Signaling; Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Activity; Adventitious Rooting Process; Guanylate-cyclase Activity; Cultured Tobacco Cells; Nitric-oxide; Arabidopsis-thaliana; Dictyostelium-discoideum; Saccharomyces-cerevisiae; Camp-phosphodiesterase; Crystal-structure

ISSN (print) / ISBN 1664-462X

e-ISSN 1664-462X

Journal Frontiers in Plant Science

Quellenangaben Volume: 7, Article Number: 576

Publisher Frontiers

Publishing Place Lausanne

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS)