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Markevych, I. ; Maier, W. ; Fuertes, E. ; Lehmann, I.* ; von Berg, A.* ; Bauer, C.P.* ; Koletzko, S.* ; Berdel, D.* ; Sugiri, D.* ; Standl, M. ; Heinrich, J.

Neighbourhood greenness and income of occupants in four German areas: GINIplus and LISAplus.

Urban for. urban gree. 21, 88-95 (2017)
Postprint DOI
Open Access Green
Objective We investigated whether families with lower individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) reside in less green neighbourhoods in four areas in Germany. Methods Data were collected within two German birth cohorts – GINIplus and LISAplus. Net equivalent household income was categorized into study area-specific tertiles and used as a proxy for individual-level SES. Neighbourhood greenness was calculated in 500-m buffers around home addresses as: 1) the mean normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); 2) percent tree cover. Associations between income and neighbourhood greenness were assessed per study area using adjusted linear regression models. Results In the Munich and Leipzig areas, families in the low and medium income tertiles resided in neighbourhoods with lower NDVI compared to those in the high income tertile (mean percent change in NDVI: −4.0 (95% confidence interval = −6.7 to −1.3) and −5.5 (−10.9 to −0.2), respectively). In contrast, in the Wesel area, families in the low income tertile resided in neighbourhoods with higher NDVI (2.9 (0.5–5.3)). Only the association in the Munich area was replicated when using tree cover instead of the NDVI. Conclusions This study provides suggestive evidence that the presence and direction of associations between greenness and SES is region-specific in Germany. The degree of urbanization did not clarify this heterogeneity completely.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Greenness ; Income ; Inequality ; Ndvi ; Socioeconomic Status ; Tree Cover; Surrounding Greenness; Socioeconomic-status; Birth Cohorts; Residential Greenness; Health; Spaces; Sensitization; Deprivation; Exposure; Impact
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1618-8667
e-ISSN 1618-8667
Journal Urban forestry & urban greening
Quellenangaben Volume: 21, Issue: , Pages: 88-95 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Elsevier
Publishing Place München
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management (IGM)