Anaphylaxis due to stings of honeybees and wasps is one of the most severe IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. In the last years, increasing knowledge about the venom composition on a molecular level and the availability of recombinant allergens with advanced characteristics, have facilitated the development of component-resolved diagnostics. Here we will give examples for the advantages of such an approach over classical diagnostics and for potential therapeutic implications.