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Rauh, S.P.* ; Heymans, M.W.* ; Koopman, A.D.M.* ; Nijpels, G.* ; Stehouwer, C.D.* ; Thorand, B. ; Rathmann, W.G.* ; Meisinger, C. ; Peters, A. ; de Las Heras Gala, T. ; Glümer, C.* ; Pedersen, O.* ; Cederberg, H.* ; Kuusisto, J.* ; Laakso, M.* ; Pearson, E.R.* ; Franks, P.W.* ; Rutters, F.* ; Dekker, J.M.*

Predicting glycated hemoglobin levels in the non-diabetic general population: Development and validation of the DIRECTDETECT prediction model-a DIRECT study.

PLoS ONE 12:e0171816 (2017)

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Aims/hypothesis To develop a prediction model that can predict HbA1c levels after six years in the non-diabetic general population, including previously used readily available predictors. Methods Data from 5,762 initially non-diabetic subjects from three population-based cohorts (Hoorn Study, Inter99, KORA S4/F4) were combined to predict HbA1c levels at six year follow-up. Using backward selection, age, BMI, waist circumference, use of anti-hypertensive medication, current smoking and parental history of diabetes remained in sex-specific linear regression models. To minimize overfitting of coefficients, we performed internal validation using bootstrapping techniques. Explained variance, discrimination and calibration were assessed using R2, classification tables (comparing highest/lowest 50% HbA1c levels) and calibration graphs. The model was externally validated in 2,765 non-diabetic subjects of the population-based cohort METSIM. Results At baseline, mean HbA1c level was 5.6% (38 mmol/mol). After a mean follow-up of six years, mean HbA1c level was 5.7% (39 mmol/mol). Calibration graphs showed that predicted HbA1c levels were somewhat underestimated in the Inter99 cohort and overestimated in the Hoorn and KORA cohorts, indicating that the model's intercept should be adjusted for each cohort to improve predictions. Sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 55.7% (53.9, 57.5) and 56.9% (55.1, 58.7) respectively, for women, and 54.6% (52.7, 56.5) and 54.3% (52.4, 56.2) for men. External validation showed similar performance in the METSIM cohort. Conclusions/interpretation In the non-diabetic population, our DIRECT-DETECT prediction model, including readily available predictors, has a relatively low explained variance and moderate discriminative performance, but can help to distinguish between future highest and lowest HbA1c levels. Absolute HbA1c values are cohort-dependent.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Corresponding Author

Keywords Type-2 Diabetes Risk; Hispanic White Adults; Kora S4/f4 Cohort; Life-style; Insulin Sensitivity; Caucasian Population; Glucose-tolerance; Follow-up; Metaanalysis; Mellitus

ISSN (print) / ISBN 1932-6203

Journal PLoS ONE

Quellenangaben Volume: 12, Issue: 2, Article Number: e0171816

Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publishing Place Lawrence, Kan.

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI2)