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Uusitalo, U.* ; Lee, H.S.* ; Aronsson, C.A.* ; Vehik, K.* ; Yang, J.A.* ; TEDDY Study Group (Hummel, S. ; Ziegler, A.-G. ; Teddy Study Group*) ; Silvis, K.* ; Lernmark, A.* ; Rewers, M.* ; Hagopian, W.* ; She, J.X.* ; Simell, O.* ; Toppari, J.* ; Akolkar, B.* ; Krischer, J.* ; Virtanen, S.M.* ; Norris, J.M.*

Early infant diet and islet autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study.

Diabetes Care 41, 522-530 (2018)
Publ. Version/Full Text Postprint Research data DOI PMC
Open Access Green
OBJECTIVE To examine duration of breastfeeding and timing of complementary foods and risk of islet autoimmunity (IA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively follows 8,676 childrenwith increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the U.S., Finland, Germany, and Sweden. This study included 7,563 children with at least 9 months of follow-up. Blood samples were collected every 3 months from birth to evaluate IA, defined as persistent, confirmed positive antibodies to insulin (IAAs), GAD, or insulinoma antigen-2. We examined the associations between diet and the risk of IA using Cox regression models adjusted for country, T1D family history, HLA genotype, sex, and early probiotic exposure. Additionally, we investigated martingale residuals and log-rank statistics to determine cut points for ages of dietary exposures. RESULTS Later introduction of glutenwas associatedwith increased risk of any IA and IAA. The hazard ratios (HRs) for every 1-month delay in gluten introduction were 1.05 (95% CI 1.01, 1.10; P = 0.02) and 1.08 (95% CI 1.00, 1.16; P = 0.04), respectively. Martingale residual analysis suggested that the age at gluten introduction could be grouped as < 4, 4-9, and > 9 months. The risk of IA associated with introducing gluten before 4months of age was lower (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47, 0.99), and the risk of IA associated with introducing it later than the age of 9 months was higher (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.07, 2.31) than introduction between 4 and 9 months of age. CONCLUSIONS The timing of gluten-containing cereals and IA should be studied further.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0149-5992
e-ISSN 1935-5548
Journal Diabetes Care
Quellenangaben Volume: 41, Issue: 3, Pages: 522-530 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher American Diabetes Association
Publishing Place Alexandria, Va.
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes Research Type 1 (IDF)