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Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
The spectrum of "off" in Parkinson's disease: What have we learned over 40 years?
Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 51, 9-16 (2018)
The terms "on" and "off" were used by Marsden and his contemporaries over 40 years ago to describe times when Parkinson's disease patients experienced good motor function ("on") and immobility ("off"). Yet there remains no published consensus definition of "off", leading clinicians and patients to develop individualized impressions of "off" determinations. In this paper, we first discuss the evolution of the terminology and understanding of "off" states since Marsden's time, which now include non-motor as well as motor symptoms. We then review pathophysiology and risk factors for the development of "off' states as well as tools to detect the "off" state, before proposing a practical definition of "off" for consideration. A common, practical definition of the "off" state could improve clinical recognition of "off' symptoms and lead to significant benefit for patients.
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4.721
1.331
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Off ; Wearing Off ; Motor Fluctuations ; Motor Complications ; Non-motor Fluctuations ; Parkinson's Disease; Duodenal Levodopa Infusion; Nonmotor Wearing-off; Motor Fluctuations; L-dopa; Extracellular Dopamine; Patient Questionnaire; Cognitive Impairment; Clinical-features; Amino-acids; Therapy
Language
english
Publication Year
2018
HGF-reported in Year
2018
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1353-8020
e-ISSN
1873-5126
Journal
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Quellenangaben
Volume: 51,
Pages: 9-16
Publisher
Elsevier
Publishing Place
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford Ox5 1gb, Oxon, England
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Neurogenomics (ING)
POF-Topic(s)
30205 - Bioengineering and Digital Health
Research field(s)
Genetics and Epidemiology
PSP Element(s)
G-503200-001
WOS ID
WOS:000438660600003
Scopus ID
85042008245
PubMed ID
29456046
Erfassungsdatum
2018-06-07