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    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: causes, diagnosis, cardiometabolic consequences, and treatment strategies.
        
        Lancet Diabet. Endocrinol. 7, 313-324 (2019)
    
    
    
	    The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. In some patients with NAFLD, isolated steatosis can progress to advanced stages with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, NAFLD is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of common disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we highlight novel concepts related to diagnosis, risk prediction, and treatment of NAFLD. First, because NAFLD is a heterogeneous disease, the advanced stages of which seem to be strongly affected by comorbidities such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, early use of reliable, non-invasive diagnostic tools is needed, particularly in patients with insulin resistance or diabetes, to allow the identification of patients at different disease stages. Second, although the strongest genetic risk alleles for NAFLD (ie, the 148Met allele in PNPLA3 and the 167Lys allele in TM6SF2) are associated with increased liver fat content and progression to NASH and cirrhosis, these alleles are also unexpectedly associated with an apparent protection from cardiovascular disease. If consistent across diverse populations, this discordance in NAFLD-related risk prediction between hepatic and extrahepatic disease might need to be accounted for in the management of NAFLD. Third, drug treatments assessed in NAFLD seem to differ with respect to cardiometabolic and antifibrotic efficacy, suggesting the need to better identify and tailor the most appropriate treatment approach, or to use a combination of approaches. These emerging concepts could contribute to the development of a multidisciplinary approach for endocrinologists and hepatologists working together in the management of NAFLD.
	
	
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Review
    
 
     
    
    
        Keywords
        Hepatocellular-carcinoma Hcc; Placebo-controlled Trial; Hepatic Steatosis; Cardiovascular Events; Magnetic-resonance; Fibrosis Stage; Noninvasive Assessment; Triglyceride Content; Insulin-resistance; Bladder-cancer
    
 
     
    
    
        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2019
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        2018
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2018
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        2213-8587
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        2213-8595
    
 
    
     
     
	     
	 
	 
     
	
    
        Quellenangaben
        
	    Volume: 7,  
	    Issue: 4,  
	    Pages: 313-324 
	    
	    
	
    
 
    
         
        
            Publisher
            Elsevier
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Ste 800, 230 Park Ave, New York, Ny 10169 Usa
        
 
	
         
         
         
         
         
	
         
         
         
    
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
    
        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        90000 - German Center for Diabetes Research
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Helmholtz Diabetes Center
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-502400-002
    
 
     
     	
    
    
        WOS ID
        WOS:000461788900018
    
    
        PubMed ID
        30174213
    
    
        Erfassungsdatum
        2018-09-19