Shamji, M.H.* ; Kappen, J.H.* ; Akdis, M.* ; Jensen-Jarolim, E.* ; Knol, E.F.* ; Kleine-Tebbe, J.* ; Bohle, B.* ; Chaker, A. ; Till, S.J.* ; Valenta, R.* ; Poulsen, L.K.* ; Calderon, M.A.* ; Demoly, P.* ; Pfaar, O.* ; Jacobsen, L.* ; Durham, S.R.* ; Schmidt-Weber, C.B.
     
    
        
Biomarkers for monitoring clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma: An EAACI position paper.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Allergologie 41, 376-385 (2018)
    
    
 	
    
	
	  DOI
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	    Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) with or without asthma. It is important to note that due to the complex interaction between patient, allergy triggers, symptomatology and vaccines used for AIT, some patients do not respond optimally to the treatment. Furthermore, there are no validated or generally accepted candidate biomarkers that are predictive of the clinical response to AIT. Clinical management of patients receiving AIT and efficacy in randomized controlled trials for drug development could be enhanced by predictive biomarkers. Method: The EAACI taskforce reviewed all candidate biomarkers used in clinical trials of AR patients with and without asthma in a literature review. Biomarkers were grouped into seven domains: (i) IgE (total IgE, specific IgE, and sIgE/Total IgE ratio), (ii) IgG-subclasses (sIgG1, sIgG4 including SIgE/ IgG4 ratio), (iii) Serum inhibitory activity for IgE (IgE-FAB and IgE-BF), (iv) Basophil activation, (v) Cytokines and Chemokines, (vi) Cellular markers (T regulatory cells, B regulatory cells, and dendritic cells) and (vii) In vivo biomarkers (including provocation tests). Results: All biomarkers were reviewed in the light of their potential advantages as well as their respective drawbacks. Unmet needs and specific recommendations on all seven domains were addressed. Conclusions: It is recommended to explore the use of allergen-specific IgG4 as a biomarker for compliance. sIgE/tIgE and IgE-FAB are considered as potential surrogate candidate biomarkers. Cytokine/chemokines and cellular reponses provided insight into the mechanisms of AIT. More studies for confirmation and interpretation of the possible association with the clinical response to AIT are needed.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Allergen Immunotherapy ; Basophil Activation ; Biomarkers ; Ige-fab ; Igg4; Grass-pollen Immunotherapy; Sublingual Immunotherapy; Histamine-release; Blocking Antibodies; Igg Antibodies; Nasal-mucosa; B-cells; Vaccination; Inhibition; Basophils
    
 
    
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        Language
        german
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2018
    
 
    
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        HGF-reported in Year
        2018
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0344-5062
    
 
    
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        0344-5062
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 41,  
	    Issue: 9,  
	    Pages: 376-385 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            Dustri
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Bahnhofstrasse 9 Postfach 49, D-82032 Deisenhofen-muenchen, Germany
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Allergy	
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-505400-001
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2018-10-23