Home
Deutsch
Advanced Search
Browse by ...
Publication overview
Contact persons
Help
Publ. Version/Full Text
Postprint
DOI
PMC
 |
Open Access Green |
as soon as is submitted to ZB.
Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes: Unraveling the crime scene.
Clin. Exp. Immunol. 195, 15-24 (2018)
Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but growing evidence suggests that they could be involved in beta cell destruction either directly by killing beta cells or indirectly by creating an exacerbated inflammatory response in the islets, capable of attracting autoreactive T cells to the 'scene of the crime'. Epidemiological and serological studies have been associated with the appearance of islet autoimmunity and EV RNA has been detected in prospective studies. In addition, the EV capsid protein has been detected in the islets of recent-onset type 1 diabetic donors, suggesting the existence of a low-grade EV infection that could become persistent. Increasing evidence in the field shows that a 'viral signature' exists in type 1 diabetes and involves interferon responses that could be sustained during prolonged periods. These include the up-regulation of markers such as protein kinase R (PKR), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), myxovirus resistance protein (MxA) and human leukocyte antigen-I (HLA-I) and the release of chemokines able to attract immune cells to the islets leading to insulitis. In this scenario, the hyperexpression of HLA-I molecules would promote antigen presentation to autoreactive T cells, favoring beta cell recognition and, ultimately, destruction. In this review, an overview is provided of the standing evidence that implicates EVs in beta cell 'murder', the time-line of events is investigated from EV entry in the cell to beta cell death and possible accomplices are highlighted that might be involved in beta cell demise.
Altmetric
Additional Metrics?
Edit extra informations
Login
Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Beta Cell Destruction ; Interferon Response ; Type 1 Diabetes ; Virus Infection; Mhc Class-i; Capsid Protein Vp1; T-cell Epitopes; Coxsackievirus B1; Pancreatic-islets; Recent-onset; Beta-cells; Antigen Presentation; Alpha-interferon; Virus-infection
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0009-9104
e-ISSN
1365-2249
Quellenangaben
Volume: 195,
Issue: 1,
Pages: 15-24
Publisher
Wiley
Publishing Place
111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Diabetes Research Type 1 (IDF)