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Choline-related-inherited metabolic diseases - A mini review.
J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 42, 237-242 (2019)
In humans, the important water soluble, vitamin-like nutrient choline, is taken up with the diet or recycled in the liver. Deficiencies of choline have only been reported in experimental situations or total parenteral nutrition. Currently, no recommended dietary allowances are published; only an adequate daily intake is defined. Choline is involved in three main physiological processes: structural integrity and lipid-derived signaling for cell membranes, cholinergic neurotransmission, and methylation. Choline is gaining increasing public attention due to studies reporting a relation of low choline levels to subclinical organ dysfunction (nonalcoholic fatty liver or muscle damage), stunting, and neural tube defects. Furthermore, positive effects on memory and a lowering of cardiovascular risks and inflammatory markers have been proposed. On the other hand, dietary choline has been associated with increased atherosclerosis in mice. This mini review will provide a summary of the biochemical pathways, in which choline is involved and their respective inborn errors of metabolism (caused by mutations in SLC5A7, CHAT, SLC44A1, CHKB, PCYT1A, CEPT1, CAD; DHODH, UMPS, FMO3, DMGDH, and GNMT). The broad phenotypic spectrum ranging from malodor, intellectual disability, to epilepsy, anemia, or congenital myasthenic syndrome is presented, highlighting the central role of choline within human metabolism.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Choline ; Epilepsy ; Fish Odor Disease ; Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis ; Uridine; Cause Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia; N-methyltransferase Deficiency; Essential Nutrient; Inborn Error; Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase; Myasthenic Syndrome; Muscular-dystrophy; Mutations; Phosphatidylcholine; Underlies
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0141-8955
e-ISSN
1573-2665
Quellenangaben
Volume: 42,
Issue: 2,
Pages: 237-242
Publisher
Springer
Publishing Place
111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Human Genetics (IHG)