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Solid-phase extraction method for stable isotope analysis of pesticides from large volume environmental water samples.
Analyst 144, 2898–2908 (2019)
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is a valuable tool for assessing the fate of organic pollutants in the environment. However, the requirement of sufficient analyte mass for precise isotope ratio mass spectrometry combined with prevailing low environmental concentrations currently limits comprehensive applications to many micropollutants. Here, we evaluate the upscaling of solid-phase extraction (SPE) approaches for routine CSIA of herbicides. To cover a wide range of polarity, a SPE method with two sorbents (a hydrophobic hypercrosslinked sorbent and a hydrophilic sorbent) was developed. Extraction conditions, including the nature and volume of the elution solvent, the amount of sorbent and the solution pH, were optimized. Extractions of up to 10 L of agricultural drainage water (corresponding to up to 200000-fold pre-concentration) were successfully performed for precise and sensitive carbon and nitrogen CSIA of the target herbicides atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor and chloridazon, and metabolites desethylatrazine, desphenylchloridazon and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in the sub-g L-1-range. C-13/C-12 and N-15/N-14 ratios were measured by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS), except for desphenylchloridazon, for which liquid chromatography (LC/IRMS) and derivatization-GC/IRMS were used, respectively. The method validated in this study is an important step towards analyzing isotope ratios of pesticide mixtures in aquatic systems and holds great potential for multi-element CSIA applications to trace pesticide degradation in complex environments.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Ratio Mass-spectrometry; In-ground Water; Gas-chromatography; Liquid-chromatography; Degradation-products; Transformation Products; Organic Contaminants; Priority Pesticides; Vadose Zone; Carbon
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0003-2654
e-ISSN
1364-5528
Journal
Analyst, The
Quellenangaben
Volume: 144,
Issue: 9,
Pages: 2898–2908
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Publishing Place
Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge Cb4 0wf, Cambs, England
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Groundwater Ecology (IGOE)