Götzl, J.K.* ; Brendel, M.* ; Werner, G.* ; Parhizkar, S.* ; Sebastian Monasor, L.* ; Kleinberger, G.* ; Colombo, A.V.* ; Deussing, M.* ; Wagner, M. ; Winkelmann, J. ; Diehl-Schmid, J.* ; Levin, J.* ; Fellerer, K.* ; Reifschneider, A.* ; Bultmann, S.* ; Bartenstein, P.* ; Rominger, A.* ; Tahirovic, S.* ; Smith, S.T.* ; Madore, C.* ; Butovsky, O.* ; Capell, A.* ; Haass, C.*
     
    
        
Opposite microglial activation stages upon loss of PGRN or TREM2 result in reduced cerebral glucose metabolism.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        EMBO Mol. Med. 11, e9711 (2019)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    Microglia adopt numerous fates with homeostatic microglia (HM) and a microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD) representing two opposite ends. A number of variants in genes selectively expressed in microglia are associated with an increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Among these genes are progranulin (GRN) and the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). Both cause neurodegeneration by mechanisms involving loss of function. We have now isolated microglia from Grn−/− mice and compared their transcriptomes to those of Trem2−/− mice. Surprisingly, while loss of Trem2 enhances the expression of genes associated with a homeostatic state, microglia derived from Grn−/− mice showed a reciprocal activation of the MGnD molecular signature and suppression of gene characteristic for HM. The opposite mRNA expression profiles are associated with divergent functional phenotypes. Although loss of TREM2 and progranulin resulted in opposite activation states and functional phenotypes of microglia, FDG (fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose)-μPET of brain revealed reduced glucose metabolism in both conditions, suggesting that opposite microglial phenotypes result in similar wide spread brain dysfunction.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Disease-associated And Homeostatic Microglial Signatures ; Microglia ; Neurodegeneration ; Progranulin ; Trem2
    
 
    
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        Publication Year
        2019
    
 
    
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        HGF-reported in Year
        2019
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1757-4676
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1757-4684
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 11,  
	    Issue: 5,  
	    Pages: e9711 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            Wiley
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Chichester
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30501 - Systemic Analysis of Genetic and Environmental Factors that Impact Health
30205 - Bioengineering and Digital Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-500700-001
G-503200-001
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2019-05-29