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Milk-derived amadori products in feces of formula-fed infants.
J. Agric. Food Chem. 67, 8061-8069 (2019)
Food processing of infant formula alters chemical structures, including the formation of Maillard reaction products between proteins and sugars. We detected early Maillard reaction products, so-called Amadori products, in stool samples of formula-fed infants. In total, four Amadori products (N-deoxylactulosyllysine, N-deoxyfructosyllysine, N-deoxylactulosylleucylisoleucine, N-deoxyfructosylleucylisoleucine) were identified by a combination of complementary nontargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches. Chemical structures were confirmed by preparation and isolation of reference compounds, LC-MS/MS, and NMR. The leucylisoleucine Amadori compounds, which most likely originate from beta-lactoglobulin, were excreted throughout the first year of life in feces of formula-fed infants but were absent in feces of breastfed infants. Despite high inter- and intraindividual differences of Amadori products in the infants' stool, solid food introduction resulted in a continuous decrease, proving infant formula as the major source of the excreted Amadori products.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Amadori Products ; Maillard Reaction ; Metabolomics ; Infant Formula ; Milk Marker ; Fructosyllysine; Maillard Reaction-products; Caco-2 Cell Monolayers; Beta-lactoglobulin; Transepithelial Flux; Metabolic Transit; Processed Milk; Amino-acid; Glycation; Protein; Lysinoalanine
Language
english
Publication Year
2019
HGF-reported in Year
2019
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0021-8561
e-ISSN
1520-5118
Quellenangaben
Volume: 67,
Issue: 28,
Pages: 8061-8069
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Publishing Place
1155 16th St, Nw, Washington, Dc 20036 Usa
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Research Unit BioGeoChemistry and Analytics (BGC)
POF-Topic(s)
30202 - Environmental Health
Research field(s)
Environmental Sciences
PSP Element(s)
G-504800-001
WOS ID
WOS:000476686200029
Scopus ID
85069862080
PubMed ID
31264412
Erfassungsdatum
2019-07-30