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Deposition and biokinetics of inhaled nanoparticles.
Part. Fibre Toxicol. 7:2 (2010)
Particle biokinetics is important in hazard identification and characterization of inhaled particles. Such studies intend to convert external to internal exposure or biologically effective dose, and may help to set limits in that way. Here we focus on the biokinetics of inhaled nanometer sized particles in comparison to micrometer sized ones.The presented approach ranges from inhaled particle deposition probability and retention in the respiratory tract to biokinetics and clearance of particles out of the respiratory tract. Particle transport into the blood circulation (translocation), towards secondary target organs and tissues (accumulation), and out of the body (clearance) is considered. The macroscopically assessed amount of particles in the respiratory tract and secondary target organs provides dose estimates for toxicological studies on the level of the whole organism. Complementary, microscopic analyses at the individual particle level provide detailed information about which cells and subcellular components are the target of inhaled particles. These studies contribute to shed light on mechanisms and modes of action eventually leading to adverse health effects by inhaled nanoparticles.We review current methods for macroscopic and microscopic analyses of particle deposition, retention and clearance. Existing macroscopic knowledge on particle biokinetics and microscopic views on particle organ interactions are discussed comparing nanometer and micrometer sized particles. We emphasize the importance for quantitative analyses and the use of particle doses derived from real world exposures.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Intrapulmonary Conducting Airways; Insoluble Iridium Particles; Poorly Soluble Particles; Ultrafine-Particles; In-Vivo; Air-Pollution; Extrapulmonary Translocation; Alveolar Macrophages; Mediated Transport; Carbon Particles
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1743-8977
e-ISSN
1743-8977
Journal
Particle and Fibre Toxicology
Quellenangaben
Volume: 7,
Article Number: 2
Publisher
BioMed Central
Publishing Place
London
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)