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Kartschmit, N.* ; Sutcliffe, R.* ; Sheldon, M.P.* ; Moebus, S.* ; Greiser, K.H.* ; Hartwig, S.* ; Thürkow, D.* ; Stentzel, U.* ; van den Berg, N.* ; Wolf, K. ; Maier, W. ; Peters, A. ; Ahmed, S.* ; Köhnke, C.* ; Mikolajczyk, R.* ; Wienke, A.* ; Kluttig, A.* ; Rudge, G.*

Walkability and its association with walking/cycling and body mass index among adults in different regions of Germany: A cross-sectional analysis of pooled data from five German cohorts.

BMC Endocr. Disord. 20:7 (2020)

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Objectives To examine three walkability measures (points of interest (POI), transit stations and impedance (restrictions to walking) within 640 m of participant's addresses) in different regions in Germany and assess the relationships between walkability, walking/cycling and body mass index (BMI) using generalised additive models.Setting Five different regions and cities of Germany using data from five cohort studies.Participants For analysing walking/cycling behaviour, there were 6269 participants of a pooled sample from three cohorts with a mean age of 59.2 years (SD: 14.3) and of them 48.9% were male. For analysing BMI, there were 9441 participants of a pooled sample of five cohorts with a mean age of 62.3 years (SD: 12.8) and of them 48.5% were male.Outcomes (1) Self-reported walking/cycling (dichotomised into more than 30 min and 30 min and less per day; (2) BMI calculated with anthropological measures from weight and height.Results Higher impedance was associated with lower prevalence of walking/cycling more than 30 min/day (prevalence ratio (PR): 0.95; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.97), while higher number of POI and transit stations were associated with higher prevalence (PR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05 for both measures). Higher impedance was associated with higher BMI (beta: 0.15; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.25) and a higher number of POI with lower BMI (beta: -0.14; 95% CI -0.24 to 0.04). No association was found between transit stations and BMI (beta: 0.005, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.12). Stratified by cohort we observed heterogeneous associations between BMI and transit stations and impedance.Conclusion We found evidence for associations of walking/cycling with walkability measures. Associations for BMI differed across cohorts.

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