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COVID-19 and immunological regulations - from basic and translational aspects to clinical implications.
J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges. 18, 795-807 (2020)
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has far-reaching direct and indirect medical consequences. These include both the course and treatment of diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that infections with SARS-CoV-2 can cause considerable immunological alterations, which particularly also affect pathogenetically and/or therapeutically relevant factors. Against this background we summarize here the current state of knowledge on the interaction of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 with mediators of the acute phase of inflammation (TNF, IL-1, IL-6), type 1 and type 17 immune responses (IL-12, IL-23, IL-17, IL-36), type 2 immune reactions (IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IL-31, IgE), B-cell immunity, checkpoint regulators (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4), and orally druggable signaling pathways (JAK, PDE4, calcineurin). In addition, we discuss in this context non-specific immune modulation by glucocorticosteroids, methotrexate, antimalarial drugs, azathioprine, dapsone, mycophenolate mofetil and fumaric acid esters, as well as neutrophil granulocyte-mediated innate immune mechanisms. From these recent findings we derive possible implications for the therapeutic modulation of said immunological mechanisms in connection with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Although, of course, the greatest care should be taken with patients with immunologically mediated diseases or immunomodulating therapies, it appears that many treatments can also be carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic; some even appear to alleviate COVID-19.
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3.664
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps; Cytokine Storm; Checkpoint Blockade; Mycophenolic-acid; Coronavirus; Pathogenesis; Chloroquine; Infections; Thrombosis; Pneumonia
Language
english
Publication Year
2020
HGF-reported in Year
2020
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1610-0379
e-ISSN
1610-0387
Quellenangaben
Volume: 18,
Issue: 8,
Pages: 795-807
Publisher
Blackwell
Publishing Place
Chichester
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute for Allergy Research (IAF)
POF-Topic(s)
30202 - Environmental Health
Research field(s)
Allergy
PSP Element(s)
G-505490-001
WOS ID
WOS:000555871200001
PubMed ID
32761894
Erfassungsdatum
2020-10-15