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Kreft, L. ; Hoffmann, C. ; Ohnmacht, C.

Therapeutic potential of the intestinal microbiota for immunomodulation of food allergies.

Front. Immunol. 11:1853 (2020)
Publ. Version/Full Text DOI PMC
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Food allergy is an atopic disease that is caused by the immune system targeting harmless food antigens that can result in life-threatening anaphylaxis. As humans and microbes have co-evolved, inevitably commensal microbes have a tremendous impact on our health. As such, the gut with its enormous microbial richness reflects a highly tolerogenic environment at steady state, in which immune cells are educated to react in a well-calibrated manner to food and microbial antigens. Recent evidence indicates that the susceptibility to food allergy is critically linked to microbial dysbiosis and can be transmitted by microbial transfer from humans to mice. Experimental work and epidemiological studies further point toward a critical time window in early childhood during which the immune system is imprinted by microbial colonization. Particularly, Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells turn out to be key players, acting as rheostats for controlling the magnitude of food allergic reactions. An increasing number of bacterial metabolites has recently been shown to regulate directly or indirectly the differentiation of peripherally induced Tregs, most of which co-express the RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (ROR gamma t). Genetic ablation provided additional direct evidence for the importance of ROR gamma t+ Tregs in food allergy. Future strategies for the stratification of food allergic patients with the aim to manipulate the intestinal microbiota by means of fecal transplantation efforts, pre- or probiotic regimens or for boosting oral immunotherapy may improve diagnosis and therapy. In this review some of the key underlying mechanisms are summarized and future directions for potential microbial therapy are explored.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Review
Keywords Intestinal Microbiota ; Food Allergy ; Regulatory T Cells ; Foxp3 ; Oral Tolerance ; Anaphylaxis ; Bacterial Metabolites; Regulatory T-cells; Airway Inflammation; Asthma; Tolerance; Metabolites; Exposure; Immunity; Differentiation; Immunology; Induction
Language english
Publication Year 2020
HGF-reported in Year 2020
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1664-3224
e-ISSN 1664-3224
Journal Frontiers in Immunology
Quellenangaben Volume: 11, Issue: , Pages: , Article Number: 1853 Supplement: ,
Publisher Frontiers
Publishing Place Avenue Du Tribunal Federal 34, Lausanne, Ch-1015, Switzerland
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute for Allergy Research (IAF)
POF-Topic(s) 30202 - Environmental Health
30503 - Chronic Diseases of the Lung and Allergies
Research field(s) Allergy
PSP Element(s) G-505400-001
G-509000-006
G-505491-001
Grants Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
European Research Council (ERC)
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01853
WOS ID WOS:000566083800001
Scopus ID 85090022853
PubMed ID 32922400
Erfassungsdatum 2020-10-22
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