Since there has been no significant breakthrough in the last 10 years in improving the diagnosis of BPD, which would allow early and reliable treatment decisions to be made, diagnosis remains a challenge. The markers detected by proteome analysis, in particular in combination with imaging-based phenotyping of structural changes, could allow risk classification. This makes individualized treatment approaches identifiable through clinical studies and the characterization of disease subtypes subsequently allows the development of individual long-term programs and prevention strategies.