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Pestoni, G. ; Riedl, A. ; Breuninger, T. ; Wawro, N. ; Krieger, J.P.* ; Meisinger, C. ; Rathmann, W.* ; Thorand, B. ; Harris, C. ; Peters, A. ; Rohrmann, S.* ; Linseisen, J.

Association between dietary patterns and prediabetes, undetected diabetes or clinically diagnosed diabetes: Results from the KORA FF4 study.

Eur. J. Nutr. 60, 2331–2341 (2021)
Publ. Version/Full Text Research data DOI PMC
Open Access Gold (Paid Option)
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Purpose Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Here, we aim to identify dietary patterns and to investigate their association with prediabetes, undetected diabetes and prevalent diabetes. Methods The present study included 1305 participants of the cross-sectional population-based KORA FF4 study. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measurements together with a physician-confirmed diagnosis allowed for an accurate categorization of the participants according to their glucose tolerance status into normal glucose tolerance (n = 698), prediabetes (n = 459), undetected diabetes (n = 49), and prevalent diabetes (n = 99). Dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis followed by hierarchical clustering. The association between dietary patterns and glucose tolerance status was investigated using multinomial logistic regression models. Results A Prudent pattern, characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, wholegrains and dairy products, and a Western pattern, characterized by high consumption of red and processed meat, alcoholic beverages, refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages, were identified. Participants following the Western pattern had significantly higher chances of having prediabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35, 2.73), undetected diabetes (OR 10.12; 95% CI 4.19, 24.43) or prevalent diabetes (OR 3.51; 95% CI 1.85, 6.67), compared to participants following the Prudent pattern. Conclusion To our knowledge, the present study is one of the few investigating the association between dietary patterns and prediabetes or undetected diabetes. The use of a reference group exclusively including participants with normal glucose tolerance might explain the strong associations observed in our study. These results suggest a very important role of dietary habits in the prevention of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Review
Corresponding Author
Keywords Dietary Patterns ; Glucose Tolerance Status ; Prediabetes ; Type 2 Diabetes ; Undetected Diabetes ; Western Pattern; Meat Intake; Risk; Population; Insulin; Glucose; Inflammation; Consumption; Mellitus; Cancer; Cohort
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1436-6207
e-ISSN 1436-6215
Journal European Journal of Nutrition
Quellenangaben Volume: 60, Issue: , Pages: 2331–2341 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Springer
Publishing Place Heidelberg
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology (KEPI)
Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI2)
Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
Grants Projekt DEAL
German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
German Federal Ministry of Health
Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC-Health), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, as part of LMUinnovativ
State of Bavaria
Helmholtz Zentrum MunchenGerman Research Center for Environmental Health - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office