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Lundsgaard, A.M.* ; Fritzen, A.M.* ; Sjøberg, K.A.* ; Kleinert, M. ; Richter, E.A.* ; Kiens, B.*

Small amounts of dietary medium-chain fatty acids protect against insulin resistance during caloric excess in humans.

Diabetes 70, 91-98 (2021)
Postprint DOI PMC
Open Access Green
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have in rodents been shown to have protective effects on glucose homeostasis during high-fat overfeeding. In this study, we investigated whether dietary MCFAs protect against insulin resistance induced by a hypercaloric high-fat diet in humans. Healthy, lean men ingested a eucaloric control diet and a three-day hypercaloric high-fat diet (+75% energy, 81-83E% fat) in randomized order. For one group (n=8), the high-fat diet was enriched with saturated long-chain FAs (LCSFA-HFD), while the other group (n=9) ingested a matched diet, but with ∼30 g (5E%) saturated MCFAs (MCSFA-HFD) in substitution for a corresponding fraction of the saturated LCFAs. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with femoral arteriovenous balance and glucose tracer was applied after the control and hypercaloric diets. In LCSFA-HFD, whole body insulin sensitivity and peripheral insulin-stimulated glucose disposal were reduced. These impairments were prevented in MCSFA-HFD, accompanied by increased basal FA oxidation, maintained glucose metabolic flexibility, increased non-oxidative glucose disposal related to lower starting glycogen content and increased glycogen synthase activity, together with increased muscle lactate production. In conclusion, substitution of a small amount of dietary LCFAs with MCFAs rescues insulin action in conditions of lipid-induced energy excess.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Muscle Glycogen-synthesis; Energy-expenditure; Weight-loss; Triglycerides; Glucose; Sensitivity; Metabolism; Oxidation; Thermogenesis; C-13
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0012-1797
e-ISSN 1939-327X
Journal Diabetes
Quellenangaben Volume: 70, Issue: 1, Pages: 91-98 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher American Diabetes Association
Publishing Place Alexandria, VA.
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes and Obesity (IDO)
Grants Lundbeckfonden
Alfred Benzon Foundation
Danish Diabetes Academy - Novo Nordisk Foundation
Danish Council for Independent Research/Medicine
University of Copenhagen Excellence Program for Interdisciplinary Research (2016) "Physical Activity and Nutrition for Improvement of Health"