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Baur, C.* ; Denner, S.* ; Wiestler, B.* ; Navab, N.* ; Albarqouni, S.

Autoencoders for unsupervised anomaly segmentation in brain MR images: A comparative study.

Med. Image Anal. 69:101952 (2021)
DOI PMC
Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
Deep unsupervised representation learning has recently led to new approaches in the field of Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) in brain MRI. The main principle behind these works is to learn a model of normal anatomy by learning to compress and recover healthy data. This allows to spot abnormal structures from erroneous recoveries of compressed, potentially anomalous samples. The concept is of great interest to the medical image analysis community as it i) relieves from the need of vast amounts of manually segmented training data—a necessity for and pitfall of current supervised Deep Learning—and ii) theoretically allows to detect arbitrary, even rare pathologies which supervised approaches might fail to find. To date, the experimental design of most works hinders a valid comparison, because i) they are evaluated against different datasets and different pathologies, ii) use different image resolutions and iii) different model architectures with varying complexity. The intent of this work is to establish comparability among recent methods by utilizing a single architecture, a single resolution and the same dataset(s). Besides providing a ranking of the methods, we also try to answer questions like i) how many healthy training subjects are needed to model normality and ii) if the reviewed approaches are also sensitive to domain shift. Further, we identify open challenges and provide suggestions for future community efforts and research directions.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Review
Corresponding Author
Keywords Adversarial ; Anomaly Segmentation ; Autoencoder ; Brain Mri ; Detection ; Generative ; Unsupervised ; Vae-gan ; Vaegan ; Variational
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1361-8415
e-ISSN 1361-8415
Journal Medical Image Analysis
Quellenangaben Volume: 69, Issue: , Pages: , Article Number: 101952 Supplement: ,
Publisher Elsevier
Publishing Place Radarweg 29, 1043 Nx Amsterdam, Netherlands
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Helmholtz Artifical Intelligence Cooperation Unit (HAICU)
Grants Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst