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Weiss, S.A. ; Rehm, S.R.T. ; Perera, N.C.* ; Biniossek, M.L.* ; Schilling, O.* ; Jenne, D.

Origin and expansion of the serine protease repertoire in the myelomonocyte lineage.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22:1658 (2021)
Publ. Version/Full Text DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
The deepest evolutionary branches of the trypsin/chymotrypsin family of serine proteases are represented by the digestive enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract and the multi-domain proteases of the blood coagulation and complement system. Similar to the very old digestive system, highly diverse cleavage specificities emerged in various cell lineages of the immune defense system during vertebrate evolution. The four neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) expressed in the myelomonocyte lineage, neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G, and neutrophil serine protease 4, collectively display a broad repertoire of (S1) specificities. The origin of NSPs can be traced back to a circulating liver-derived trypsin-like protease, the complement factor D ancestor, whose activity is tightly controlled by substrate-induced activation and TNFα-induced locally upregulated protein secretion. However, the present-day descendants are produced and converted to mature enzymes in precursor cells of the bone marrow and are safely sequestered in granules of circulating neutrophils. The potential site and duration of action of these cell-associated serine proteases are tightly controlled by the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, by stimulus-dependent regulated secretion of the granules, and by various soluble inhibitors in plasma, interstitial fluids, and in the inflammatory exudate. An extraordinary dynamic range and acceleration of immediate defense responses have been achieved by exploiting the high structural plasticity of the trypsin fold.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Review
Corresponding Author
Keywords Cleavage Specificity ; Complement Factor D ; Proteinase 3 ; Serine Proteases ; Trypsin Ancestor
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1422-0067
e-ISSN 1661-6596
Journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Quellenangaben Volume: 22, Issue: 4, Pages: , Article Number: 1658 Supplement: ,
Publisher MDPI
Publishing Place Basel
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)
Grants EUCOR
European Union
Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology
German Research Council (DFG)
German-Israel Foundation
ERA-PerMed (BMBF) program on personalized medicine