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Hallschmid, M.

Intranasal insulin for Alzheimer's disease.

CNS Drugs 35, 21-37 (2021)
Publ. Version/Full Text DOI PMC
Open Access Gold (Paid Option)
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Brain insulin signaling contributes to memory function and might be a viable target in the prevention and treatment of memory impairments including Alzheimer's disease. This short narrative review explores the potential of central nervous system (CNS) insulin administration via the intranasal pathway to improve memory performance in health and disease, with a focus on the most recent results. Proof-of-concept studies and (pilot) clinical trials in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease indicate that acute and prolonged intranasal insulin administration enhances memory performance, and suggest that brain insulin resistance is a pathophysiological factor in Alzheimer's disease with or without concomitant metabolic dysfunction. Intranasally administered insulin is assumed to trigger improvements in synaptic plasticity and regional glucose uptake as well as alleviations of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology; additional contributions of changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity and sleep-related mechanisms are discussed. While intranasal insulin delivery has been conclusively demonstrated to be effective and safe, the recent outcomes of large-scale clinical studies underline the need for further investigations, which might also yield new insights into sex differences in the response to intranasal insulin and contribute to the optimization of delivery devices to grasp the full potential of intranasal insulin for Alzheimer's disease.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Review
Corresponding Author
Keywords Mild Cognitive Impairment; Central-nervous-system; Brain Glucose-metabolism; Growth-factor Expression; Reduces Food-intake; Cerebrospinal-fluid; Apolipoprotein-e; Body-weight; Apoe Genotype; Amyloid-beta
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1172-7047
e-ISSN 1179-1934
Journal CNS drugs.
Quellenangaben Volume: 35, Issue: 1, Pages: 21-37 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Springer
Publishing Place 5 The Warehouse Way, Northcote 0627, Auckland, New Zealand
Non-patent literature Publications
Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM)
Grants German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)