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Pinart, M.* ; Jeran, S.* ; Boeing, H.* ; Stelmach-Mardas, M.* ; Standl, M. ; Schulz, H. ; Harris, C. ; von Berg, A.* ; Herberth, G.* ; Koletzko, S.* ; Linseisen, J. ; Breuninger, T. ; Nöthlings, U.* ; Barbaresko, J.* ; Benda, S.* ; Lachat, C.* ; Yang, C.* ; Gasparini, P.* ; Robino, A.* ; Rojo-Martínez, G.* ; Castaño, L.* ; Guillaume, M.* ; Donneau, A.F.* ; Hoge, A.* ; Gillain, N.* ; Avraam, D.* ; Burton, P.R.* ; Bouwman, J.* ; Pischon, T.* ; Nimptsch, K.*

Dietary macronutrient composition in relation to circulating HDL and non-HDL cholesterol: A federated individual-level analysis of cross-sectional data from adolescents and adults in 8 European studies.

J. Nutr. 151, 2317-2329 (2021)
Postprint DOI PMC
Open Access Green
BACKGROUND: Associations between increased dietary fat and decreased carbohydrate intake with circulating HDL and non-HDL cholesterol have not been conclusively determined. OBJECTIVE: We assessed these relations in 8 European observational human studies participating in the European Nutritional Phenotype Assessment and Data Sharing Initiative (ENPADASI) using harmonized data. METHODS: Dietary macronutrient intake was recorded using study-specific dietary assessment tools. Main outcome measures were lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations: HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) and non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL). A cross-sectional analysis on 5919 participants (54% female) aged 13-80 y was undertaken using the statistical platform DataSHIELD that allows remote/federated nondisclosive analysis of individual-level data. Generalized linear models (GLM) were fitted to assess associations between replacing 5% of energy from carbohydrates with equivalent energy from total fats, SFAs, MUFAs, or PUFAs with circulating HDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol. GLM were adjusted for study source, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake and BMI. RESULTS: The replacement of 5% of energy from carbohydrates with total fats or MUFAs was statistically significantly associated with 0.67 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.40, 0.94) or 0.99 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.37, 1.60) higher HDL cholesterol, respectively, but not with non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. The replacement of 5% of energy from carbohydrates with SFAs or PUFAs was not associated with HDL cholesterol, but SFAs were statistically significantly associated with 1.94 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.08, 3.79) higher non-HDL cholesterol, and PUFAs with -3.91 mg/dL (95% CI: -6.98, -0.84) lower non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. A statistically significant interaction by sex for the association of replacing carbohydrates with MUFAs and non-HDL cholesterol was observed, showing a statistically significant inverse association in males and no statistically significant association in females. We observed no statistically significant interaction by age. CONCLUSIONS: The replacement of dietary carbohydrates with fats had favorable effects on lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in European adolescents and adults when fats were consumed as MUFAs or PUFAs but not as SFAs.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Adolescents ; Adults ; Blood Lipids ; Carbohydrates ; Data Integration ; Data Sharing ; Dietary Intake ; Energy Density Models ; Fatty Acids ; Substitution; Saturated Fatty-acids; Density-lipoprotein-cholesterol; Serum-lipids; Cardiovascular-disease; Carbohydrate Intake; Apolipoprotein-b; Blood-pressure; Heart-disease; 18 Countries; Guinea-pig
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0022-3166
e-ISSN 1541-6100
Journal Journal of Nutrition
Quellenangaben Volume: 151, Issue: 8, Pages: 2317-2329 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher American Society for Nutrition
Publishing Place Great Clarendon St, Oxford Ox2 6dp, England
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology (KEPI)
Grants IUF -Leibniz Research-Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Dusseldorf,
German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Helmholtz Centre Munich
LMU Munich
IUF -Leibniz Research-Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Dusseldorf
Federal Ministry for Environment (IUF Dusseldorf)
Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology
Commission of the European Communities, the 7th Framework Program: MeDALL project
Mead Johnson
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig
FWO Research Foundation Flanders
Chinese Scholarship Council
Nestle
TU Munich
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Pediatric Practice, Bad Honnef
German Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE)