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Hummel, S. ; Weiss, A. ; Bonifacio, E.* ; Agardh, D.* ; Akolkar, B.* ; Aronsson, C.A.* ; Hagopian, W.A.* ; Koletzko, S.* ; Krischer, J.P.* ; Lernmark, Å.* ; Lynch, K.* ; Norris, J.M.* ; Rewers, M.J.* ; She, J.X.* ; Toppari, J.* ; Uusitalo, U.* ; Vehik, K.* ; Virtanen, S.M.* ; Beyerlein, A. ; Ziegler, A.-G.

Associations of breastfeeding with childhood autoimmunity, allergies, and overweight: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.

Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 114, 134-142 (2021)
Publ. Version/Full Text DOI PMC
Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding has beneficial effects on numerous health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether breastfeeding duration is associated with the development of early childhood autoimmunity, allergies, or obesity in a multinational prospective birth cohort. METHODS: Infants with genetic susceptibility for type 1 diabetes (n = 8676) were followed for the development of autoantibodies to islet autoantigens or transglutaminase, allergies, and for anthropometric measurements to a median age of 8.3 y (IQR: 2.8-10.2 y). Information on breastfeeding was collected at 3 mo of age and prospectively thereafter. A propensity score for longer breastfeeding was calculated from the variables that were likely to influence any or exclusive breastfeeding. The risks of developing autoimmunity or allergy were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models, and the risk of obesity at 5.5 y of age was assessed using logistic regression with adjustment by the propensity score. RESULTS: Breastfeeding duration was not associated with a lower risk of either islet or transglutaminase autoimmunity (any breastfeeding >6 mo, adjusted HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.19; exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo, adjusted HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.15). Exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo was associated with a decreased risk of seasonal allergic rhinitis (adjusted HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.92; P < 0.01). Any breastfeeding >6 mo and exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo were associated with decreased risk of obesity (adjusted OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.81; P < 0.001; and adjusted OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.95; P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Longer breastfeeding was not associated with a lower risk of childhood (islet or transglutaminase) autoimmunity in genetically at-risk children but was associated with decreased risk of seasonal allergic rhinitis and obesity at 5.5 y of age.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Allergic Disease ; Breastfeeding ; Celiac Disease ; Islet Autoimmunity ; Obesity; Pediatric Celiac-disease; Islet Autoimmunity; Food Allergies; Cows Milk; Risk; Children; Age; Duration; Protein; Obesity
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0002-9165
e-ISSN 1938-3207
Journal American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Quellenangaben Volume: 114, Issue: 1, Pages: 134-142 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher American Society for Nutrition
Publishing Place Great Clarendon St, Oxford Ox2 6dp, England
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes Research (IDF)
Institute of Computational Biology (ICB)
Grants CDC
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
NIH/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Clinical and Translational Science awards
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases