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So, R.* ; Chen, J.* ; Mehta, A.J.* ; Liu, S.* ; Strak, M.* ; Wolf, K. ; Hvidtfeldt, U.A.* ; Rodopoulou, S.* ; Stafoggia, M.* ; Klompmaker, J.O.* ; Samoli, E.* ; Raaschou-Nielsen, O.* ; Atkinson, R.* ; Bauwelinck, M.* ; Bellander, T.* ; Boutron-Ruault, M.C.* ; Brandt, J.* ; Brunekreef, B.* ; Cesaroni, G.* ; Concin, H.* ; Forastiere, F.* ; van Gils, C.H.* ; Gulliver, J.* ; Hertel, O.* ; Hoffmann, B.* ; de Hoogh, K.* ; Janssen, N.* ; Lim, Y.H.* ; Westendorp, R.G.* ; Jørgensen, J.T.* ; Katsouyanni, K.* ; Ketzel, M.* ; Lager, A.* ; Lang, A.* ; Ljungman, P.L.S.* ; Magnusson, P.K.E.* ; Nagel, G.* ; Simonsen, M.K.* ; Pershagen, G.* ; Peter, R.S.* ; Peters, A. ; Renzi, M.* ; Rizzuto, D.* ; Sigsgaard, T.* ; Vienneau, D.* ; Weinmayr, G.* ; Severi, G.* ; Fecht, D.* ; Tjønneland, A.* ; Leander, K.* ; Hoek, G.* ; Andersen, Z.J.*

Long-term exposure to air pollution and liver cancer incidence in six European cohorts.

Int. J. Cancer 149, 1887–1897 (2021)
Publ. Version/Full Text Postprint Research data DOI PMC
Open Access Gold (Paid Option)
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Particulate matter air pollution and diesel engine exhaust have been classified as carcinogenic for lung cancer, yet few studies have explored associations with liver cancer. We used six European adult cohorts which were recruited between 1985 and 2005, pooled within the 'Effects of low-level air pollution: A study in Europe' (ELAPSE) project, and followed for the incidence of liver cancer until 2011 to 2015. The annual average exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), black carbon (BC), warm-season ozone (O3 ), and eight elemental components of PM2.5 (copper, iron, zinc, sulfur, nickel, vanadium, silicon, potassium) were estimated by European-wide hybrid land-use regression models at participants' residential addresses. We analyzed the association between air pollution and liver cancer incidence by Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders. Of 330,064 cancer-free adults at baseline, 512 developed liver cancer during a mean follow-up of 18.1 years. We observed positive linear associations between NO2 (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.02-1.35 per 10 μg/m3 ), PM2.5 (1.12, 0.92-1.36 per 5 μg/m3 ), and BC (1.15, 1.00-1.33 per 0.5 10-5 /m) and liver cancer incidence. Associations with NO2 and BC persisted in two-pollutant models with PM2.5 . Most components of PM2.5 were associated with the risk of liver cancer, with the strongest associations for sulfur and vanadium, which were robust to adjustment for PM2.5 or NO2 . Our study suggests that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer, even at concentrations below current EU standards. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Air Pollution ; Liver Cancer Incidence ; Particulate Matter; Cohort Study; Use Regression-models; Hepatocellular-carcinoma; Men; Profile; Pm2.5; Risk; Lung; Participation; Population; Prevalence
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0020-7136
e-ISSN 1097-0215
Journal International Journal of Cancer
Quellenangaben Volume: 149, Issue: , Pages: 1887–1897 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Wiley
Publishing Place 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI2)
Grants United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Novo Nordisk Foundation Challenge Programme
Health Effects Institute Research Agreement