Estimating long-term health risks after breast cancer radiotherapy: Merging evidence from low and high doses.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 60, 459–474 (2021)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    In breast cancer radiotherapy, substantial radiation exposure of organs other than the treated breast cannot be avoided, potentially inducing second primary cancer or heart disease. While distant organs and large parts of nearby ones receive doses in the mGy-Gy range, small parts of the heart, lung and bone marrow often receive doses as high as 50 Gy. Contemporary treatment planning allows for considerable flexibility in the distribution of this exposure. To optimise treatment with regards to long-term health risks, evidence-based risk estimates are required for the entire broad range of exposures. Here, we thus propose an approach that combines data from medical and epidemiological studies with different exposure conditions. Approximating cancer induction as a local process, we estimate organ cancer risks by integrating organ-specific dose-response relationships over the organ dose distributions. For highly exposed organ parts, specific high-dose risk models based on studies with medical exposure are applied. For organs or their parts receiving relatively low doses, established dose-response models based on radiation-epidemiological data are used. Joining the models in the intermediate dose range leads to a combined, in general non-linear, dose response supported by data over the whole relevant dose range. For heart diseases, a linear model consistent with high- and low-dose studies is presented. The resulting estimates of long-term health risks are largely compatible with rate ratios observed in randomised breast cancer radiotherapy trials. The risk models have been implemented in a software tool PASSOS that estimates long-term risks for individual breast cancer patients.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Breast Cancer Radiotherapy ; Heart Disease ; Radiation Risk ; Risk Models ; Second Primary Cancer; Atomic-bomb Survivors; Japanese A-bomb; Ischemic-heart-disease; 2nd Solid Cancers; X-ray Treatment; Lung-cancer; Radiation-therapy; Contralateral Breast; Malignant Neoplasms; Ionizing-radiation
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2021
    
 
    
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        HGF-reported in Year
        2021
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0301-634X
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1432-2099
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 60,  
	    Issue: ,  
	    Pages: 459–474 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            Springer
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, Ny, United States
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30203 - Molecular Targets and Therapies
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Radiation Sciences
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-501391-001
    
 
    
        Grants
        German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2021-07-30