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Jais, A. ; Brüning, J.C.*

Arcuate nucleus-dependent regulation of metabolism - pathways to obesity and diabetes mellitus.

Endocr. Rev., DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab025 (2021)
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The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from afferent neurons, circulating hormones and absorbed nutrients and integrates this information to orchestrate the actions of the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis. Particularly the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) is of pivotal importance for primary sensing of adiposity signals, such as leptin and insulin, and circulating nutrients, such as glucose. Importantly, energy state-sensing neurons in the ARC not only regulate feeding but at the same time control multiple physiological functions, such as glucose homeostasis, blood pressure and innate immune responses. These findings have defined them as master regulators, which adapt integrative physiology to the energy state of the organism. The disruption of this fine-tuned control leads to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure as well as deregulation of peripheral metabolism. Improving our understanding of the cellular, molecular and functional basis of this regulatory principle in the CNS could set the stage for developing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we summarize novel insights with a particular emphasis on ARC neurocircuitries regulating food intake and glucose homeostasis and sensing factors that inform the brain of the organismal energy status.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Review
Keywords Arcuate Nucleus ; Hypothalamus ; Energy Homeostasis ; Feeding ; Obesity ; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Body-mass Index; Agouti-related Peptide; Plasma Ghrelin Levels; Pomc Neurons; Agrp Neurons; Food-intake; Proopiomelanocortin Neurons; Expressing Neurons; Insulin Sensitivity; Neural Circuit
Language english
Publication Year 2021
HGF-reported in Year 2021
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0163-769X
e-ISSN 1945-7189
Journal Endocrine Reviews
Publisher The Endocrine Society
Publishing Place Bethesda, Md.
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Helmholtz Institute for Metabolism, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG)
POF-Topic(s) 30201 - Metabolic Health
Research field(s) Helmholtz Diabetes Center
PSP Element(s) G-555600-001
Grants European Union Seventh Framework Program
DFG
Novo Nordisk, Denmark
DOI 10.1210/endrev/bnab025
WOS ID WOS:000756562400001
PubMed ID 34490882
Erfassungsdatum 2021-10-13
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