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Venom immunotherapy: From proteins to product to patient protection.
Toxins 13:616 (2021)
In this review, we outline and reflect on the important differences between allergen-specific immunotherapy for inhalant allergies (i.e., aeroallergens) and venom-specific immunotherapy (VIT), with a special focus on Venomil® Bee and Wasp. Venomil® is provided as a freeze-dried extract and a diluent to prepare a solution for injection for the treatment of patients with IgE-mediated allergies to bee and/or wasp venom and for evaluating the degree of sensitivity in a skin test. While the materials that make up the product have not changed, the suppliers of raw materials have changed over the years. Here, we consolidate relevant historical safety and efficacy studies that used products from shared manufacture supply profiles, i.e., products from Bayer or Hollister–Stier. We also consider the characterization and standardization of venom marker allergens, providing insights into manufacturing controls that have produced stable and consistent quality profiles over many years. Quality differences between products and their impacts on treatment outcomes have been a current topic of discussion and further research. Finally, we review the considerations surrounding the choice of depot adjuvant most suitable to augmenting VIT.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Adjuvant ; Allergy ; Honeybee Venom ; Hymenoptera ; Sensitization ; Venom ; Vit ; Wasp Venom; Api M 10; Hymenoptera Venom; Honeybee Venom; Allergen Immunotherapy; Molecular-cloning; Major Allergens; Aluminum; Bee; Recognition; Expression
e-ISSN
2072-6651
Journal
Toxins
Quellenangaben
Volume: 13,
Issue: 9,
Article Number: 616
Publisher
MDPI
Publishing Place
Basel
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute for Allergy Research (IAF)