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Sex/gender-differences in the health effects of environmental noise exposure on hypertension and ischemic heart disease— A systematic review.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 18:9856 (2021)
Previous studies have demonstrated cardiovascular health effects of environmental noise exposure, partly showing different effect estimates for males and females. This cannot be explained by biological differences between males and females alone. It is assumed that health outcomes and exposure patterns also depend on gender, determined by social, economic, and cultural factors in society. This systematic review evaluated the current state of how sex/gender is integrated in studies on environmental noise associated with hypertension, blood pressure, and ischemic heart diseases. A systematic literature search was conducted in three different databases, identifying thirty studies published between 1 January 2000 and 2 February 2020. Effects varied, with no consistent findings for both males and females. All studies used a binary operationalization of sex/gender, assuming static differences between males and females. The differentiation between biological and social dimensions of sex/gender was not present in any of the studies and the terms “sex” and “gender” were used interchangeably. However, biological and social dimensions of sex/gender were uncon-sciously taken up in the discussion of the results. Integrating sex/gender-theoretical concepts into future studies offers great potential to increase the validity of research findings, thus making them more useful for prevention efforts, health promotion, and health care.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Health ; Environmental Noise ; Gender ; Hypertension ; Ischemic Heart Dis-ease ; Myocardial Infarction ; Sex; Road Traffic Noise; Long-term Exposure; Aircraft Noise; Air-pollution; Cardiovascular-disease; Transportation Noise; Gender-differences; Blood-pressure; Mortality; Risk
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1661-7827
e-ISSN
1660-4601
Quellenangaben
Volume: 18,
Issue: 18,
Article Number: 9856
Publisher
MDPI
Publishing Place
Basel, Switzerland
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI2)
Grants
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research