Analysis of clonogenic growth in vitro.
Nat. Protoc. 16, 4963-4991 (2021)
The clonogenic assay measures the capacity of single cells to form colonies in vitro. It is widely used to identify and quantify self-renewing mammalian cells derived from in vitro cultures as well as from ex vivo tissue preparations of different origins. Varying research questions and the heterogeneous growth requirements of individual cell model systems led to the development of several assay principles and formats that differ with regard to their conceptual setup, 2D or 3D culture conditions, optional cytotoxic treatments and subsequent mathematical analysis. The protocol presented here is based on the initial clonogenic assay protocol as developed by Puck and Marcus more than 60 years ago. It updates and extends the 2006 Nature Protocols article by Franken et al. It discusses different strategies and principles to analyze clonogenic growth in vitro and presents the clonogenic assay in a modular protocol framework enabling a diversity of formats and measures to optimize determination of clonogenic growth parameters. We put particular focus on the phenomenon of cellular cooperation and consideration of how this can affect the mathematical analysis of survival data. This protocol is applicable to any mammalian cell model system from which single-cell suspensions can be prepared and which contains at least a small fraction of cells with self-renewing capacity in vitro. Depending on the cell system used, the entire procedure takes ~2–10 weeks, with a total hands-on time of <20 h per biological replicate.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
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Keywords
Hematopoietic Stem-cells; Limiting-dilution; Colony Formation; Hela-cells; Multiple-myeloma; Clonal Growth; Tumor-cells; Radiation; Culture; Assay
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Language
english
Publication Year
2021
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HGF-reported in Year
2021
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1754-2189
e-ISSN
1750-2799
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Volume: 16,
Issue: 11,
Pages: 4963-4991
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Nature Publishing Group
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Heidelberger Platz 3, Berlin, 14197, Germany
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Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
POF-Topic(s)
30504 - Mechanisms of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Health and Disease
30203 - Molecular Targets and Therapies
Research field(s)
Radiation Sciences
PSP Element(s)
G-521800-001
G-501000-001
Grants
International graduate program iTarget (Elitenetzwerk Bayern)
Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung BMBF
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG
Copyright
Erfassungsdatum
2021-11-04