Wieser, H.P.* ; Huang, Y. ; Schauer, J.* ; Lascaud, J.* ; Wuerl, M.* ; Lehrack, S.* ; Radonic, D.* ; Vidal, M.* ; Herault, J.* ; Chmyrov, A. ; Ntziachristos, V. ; Assmann, W.* ; Parodi, K.* ; Dollinger, G.*
Experimental demonstration of accurate Bragg peak localization with ionoacoustic tandem phase detection (iTPD).
Phys. Med. Biol. 66:245020 (2021)
Accurate knowledge of the exact stopping location of ions inside the patient would allow full exploitation of their ballistic properties for patient treatment. The localized energy deposition of a pulsed particle beam induces a rapid temperature increase of the irradiated volume and leads to the emission of ionoacoustic (IA) waves. Detecting the time-of-flight (ToF) of the IA wave allows inferring information on the Bragg peak location and can henceforth be used for in-vivo range verification. A challenge for IA is the poor signal-to-noise ratio at clinically relevant doses and viable machines. We present a frequency-based measurement technique, labeled as ionoacoustic tandem phase detection (iTPD) utilizing lock-in amplifiers. The phase shift of the IA signal to a reference signal is measured to derive the ToF. Experimental IA measurements with a 3.5 MHz lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer and lock-in amplifiers were performed in water using 22 MeV proton bursts. A digital iTPD was performed in-silico at clinical dose levels on experimental data obtained from a clinical facility and secondly, on simulations emulating a heterogeneous geometry. For the experimental setup using 22 MeV protons, a localization accuracy and precision obtained through iTPD deviates from a time-based reference analysis by less than 15 mu m. Several methodological aspects were investigated experimentally in systematic manner. Lastly, iTPD was evaluated in-silico for clinical beam energies indicating that iTPD is in reach of sub-mm accuracy for fractionated doses < 5 Gy. iTPD can be used to accurately measure the ToF of IA signals online via its phase shift in frequency domain. An application of iTPD to the clinical scenario using a single pulsed beam is feasible but requires further development to reach <1 Gy detection capabilities.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
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Keywords
Particle Therapy ; Proton Therapy ; Range Uncertainties ; In-vivo Range Verification ; Ionoacoustic ; Protoacoustic; Proton Range Verification; Treatment Uncertainties; Computed-tomography; Beam Delivery; Monte-carlo; Therapy; Sensitivity; Energy; Plan
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Language
english
Publication Year
2021
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2021
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0031-9155
e-ISSN
1361-6560
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Volume: 66,
Issue: 24,
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Article Number: 245020
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Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)
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Bristol
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Peer reviewed
POF-Topic(s)
30205 - Bioengineering and Digital Health
Research field(s)
Enabling and Novel Technologies
PSP Element(s)
G-505500-001
Grants
German Research Foundation (DFG)
European Research Council
Copyright
Erfassungsdatum
2022-01-24