PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München: Human skin-resident host T cells can persist long term after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and maintain recirculation potential.

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de Almeida, G.P.* ; Lichtner, P. ; Eckstein, G.N. ; Brinkschmidt, T.* ; Chu, C.F.* ; Sun, S.* ; Reinhard, J.* ; Mädler, S.C.* ; Kloeppel, M.* ; Verbeek, M.* ; Zielinski, C.E.*

Human skin-resident host T cells can persist long term after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and maintain recirculation potential.

Sci. Immunol. 7:eabe2634 (2022)

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Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) have recently emerged as crucial cellular players for host defense in a wide variety of tissues and barrier sites. Insights into the maintenance and regulatory checkpoints of human TRM cells remain scarce, especially due to the difficulties associated with tracking T cells through time and space in humans. We therefore sought to identify and characterize skin-resident T cells in humans defined by their long-term in situ lodgment. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) preceded by myeloablative chemotherapy unmasked long-term sequestration of host T cell subsets in human skin despite complete donor T cell chimerism in the blood. Single-cell chimerism analysis paired with single-cell transcriptional profiling comprehensively characterized these bona fide long-term skin-resident T cells and revealed differential tissue maintenance for distinct T cell subsets, specific TRM cell markers such as galectin-3, but also tissue exit potential with retention of the transcriptomic TRM cell identity. Analysis of 26 allo-HSCT patients revealed profound interindividual variation in the tissue maintenance of host skin T cells. The long-term persistence of host skin T cells in a subset of these patients did not correlate with the development of chronic GvHD. Our data exemplify the power of exploiting a clinical situation as a proof of concept for the existence of bona fide human skin TRM cells and reveal long-term persistence of host T cells in a peripheral tissue but not in the circulation or bone marrow in a subset of allo-HSCT patients.

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