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Impact of physical activity and exercise on the epigenome in skeletal muscle and effects on systemic metabolism.
Biomedicines 10:126 (2022)
Exercise and physical activity induces physiological responses in organisms, and adaptations in skeletal muscle, which is beneficial for maintaining health and preventing and/or treating most chronic diseases. These adaptations are mainly instigated by transcriptional responses that ensue in reaction to each individual exercise, either resistance or endurance. Consequently, changes in key metabolic, regulatory, and myogenic genes in skeletal muscle occur as both an early and late response to exercise, and these epigenetic modifications, which are influenced by environmental and genetic factors, trigger those alterations in the transcriptional responses. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the most significant epigenetic changes described in gene transcription, linked to the skeletal muscle transcriptional response to exercise, and mediating the exercise adaptations. Nevertheless, other alterations in the epigenetics markers, such as epitranscriptomics, modifications mediated by miRNAs, and lactylation as a novel epigenetic modification, are emerging as key events for gene transcription. Here, we provide an overview and update of the impact of exercise on epigenetic modifications, including the well-described DNA methylations and histone modifications, and the emerging modifications in the skeletal muscle. In addition, we describe the effects of exercise on epigenetic markers in other metabolic tissues; also, we provide information about how systemic metabolism or its metabolites influence epigenetic modifications in the skeletal muscle.
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1.444
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Epigenetics ; Exercise ; Metabolism ; Physical Activity ; Skeletal Muscle
Language
english
Publication Year
2022
HGF-reported in Year
2022
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2227-9059
e-ISSN
2227-9059
Journal
Biomedicines
Quellenangaben
Volume: 10,
Issue: 1,
Article Number: 126
Publisher
MDPI
Publishing Place
Basel, Switzerland
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Diabetes and Obesity (IDO)
POF-Topic(s)
30201 - Metabolic Health
Research field(s)
Helmholtz Diabetes Center
PSP Element(s)
G-502200-001
Scopus ID
85124267215
PubMed ID
35052805
Erfassungsdatum
2022-06-23