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Tissue niches formed by intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells in mucosal homeostasis and immunity.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23:5181 (2022)
The gastrointestinal tract is the largest mucosal surface in our body and accommodates the majority of the total lymphocyte population. Being continuously exposed to both harmless antigens and potentially threatening pathogens, the intestinal mucosa requires the integration of multiple signals for balancing immune responses. This integration is certainly supported by tissue-resident intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), yet the molecular mechanisms whereby IMCs contribute to these events remain largely undefined. Recent studies using single-cell profiling technologies indicated a previously unappreciated heterogeneity of IMCs and provided further knowledge which will help to understand dynamic interactions between IMCs and hematopoietic cells of the intestinal mucosa. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the immunological functions of IMCs: On one hand, we discuss the steady-state interactions of IMCs with epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells. On the other hand, we summarize our current knowledge about the contribution of IMCs to the development of intestinal inflammatory conditions, such as infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and fibrosis. By providing a comprehensive list of cytokines and chemokines produced by IMCs under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, we highlight the significant immunomodulatory and tissue niche forming capacities of IMCs.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Fibroblasts ; Intestinal Lamina Propria ; Mesenchymal Cells ; Mucosal Immunity ; Stromal Cells ; Tissue Niches ; Tolerance
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1422-0067
e-ISSN
1661-6596
Quellenangaben
Volume: 23,
Issue: 9,
Article Number: 5181
Publisher
MDPI
Publishing Place
Basel
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute for Allergy Research (IAF)
Grants
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft