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Meuwissen, M.* ; Verstraeten, A.* ; Ranza, E.* ; Iwaszkiewicz, J.* ; Bastiaansen, M.* ; Mateiu, L.* ; Nemegeer, M.* ; Meester, J.A.N.* ; Afenjar, A.* ; Amaral, M.* ; Ballhausen, D.* ; Barnett, S.* ; Barth, M.* ; Asselbergh, B.* ; Spaas, K.* ; Heeman, B.* ; Bassetti, J.* ; Blackburn, P.* ; Schaer, M.* ; Blanc, X.* ; Zoete, V.* ; Casas, K.* ; Courtin, T.* ; Doummar, D.* ; Guerry, F.* ; Keren, B.* ; Pappas, J.* ; Rabin, R.* ; Begtrup, A.* ; Shinawi, M.* ; Vulto-van Silfhout, A.T.* ; Kleefstra, T.* ; Wagner, M. ; Ziegler, A.* ; Schaefer, E.* ; Gérard, B.* ; De Bie, C.I.* ; Holwerda, S.J.B.* ; Abbot, M.A.* ; Antonarakis, S.E.* ; Loeys, B.*

Heterozygous variants in CTR9, which encodes a major component of the PAF1 complex, are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Genet. Med. 24, 1583-1591 (2022)
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Purpose: CTR9 is a subunit of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) that plays a crucial role in transcription regulation by binding CTR9 to RNA polymerase II. It is involved in transcription-coupled histone modification through promoting H3K4 and H3K36 methylation. We describe the clinical and molecular studies in 13 probands, harboring likely pathogenic CTR9 missense variants, collected through GeneMatcher. Methods: Exome sequencing was performed in all individuals. CTR9 variants were assessed through 3-dimensional modeling of the activated human transcription complex Pol II-DSIF-PAF-SPT6 and the PAF1/CTR9 complex. H3K4/H3K36 methylation analysis, mitophagy assessment based on tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate immunofluorescence, and RNA-sequencing in skin fibroblasts from 4 patients was performed. Results: Common clinical findings were variable degrees of intellectual disability, hypotonia, joint hyperlaxity, speech delay, coordination problems, tremor, and autism spectrum disorder. Mild dysmorphism and cardiac anomalies were less frequent. For 11 CTR9 variants, de novo occurrence was shown. Three-dimensional modeling predicted a likely disruptive effect of the variants on local CTR9 structure and protein interaction. Additional studies in fibroblasts did not unveil the downstream functional consequences of the identified variants. Conclusion: We describe a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by (mainly) de novo variants in CTR9, likely affecting PAF1C function.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Ctr9 ; Intellectual Disability ; Neurodevelopmental Disorder ; Paf1c
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1530-0366
e-ISSN 1098-3600
Quellenangaben Volume: 24, Issue: 7, Pages: 1583-1591 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publishing Place Baltimore, Md.
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Grants Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Hartstichting
European Research Council
European Commission
Marfan Foundation
Dutch Heart Foundation
Belgian Cardiac Surgery Foundation
Universiteit Antwerpen
Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen