Munroe, L.* ; Sajith, G.* ; Lin, E.* ; Bhattacharya, S.* ; Pushparajah, K.* ; Simpson, J.A.* ; Schnabel, J.A.* ; Wheeler, G.* ; Gomez, A.* ; Deng, S.*
Automatic Re-orientation of 3D echocardiographic images in virtual reality using deep learning.
In: (Annual Conference on Medical Image Understanding and Analysis). Berlin [u.a.]: Springer, 2021. 177-188 (Lect. Notes Comput. Sc. ; 12722 LNCS)
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In 3D echocardiography (3D echo), the image orientation varies depending on the position and direction of the transducer during examination. As a result, when reviewing images the user must initially identify anatomical landmarks to understand image orientation – a potentially challenging and time-consuming task. We automated this initial step by training a deep residual neural network (ResNet) to predict the rotation required to re-orient an image to the standard apical four-chamber view). Three data pre-processing strategies were explored: 2D, 2.5D and 3D. Three different loss function strategies were investigated: classification of discrete integer angles, regression with mean absolute angle error loss, and regression with geodesic loss. We then integrated the model into a virtual reality application and aligned the re-oriented 3D echo images with a standard anatomical heart model. The deep learning strategy with the highest accuracy – 2.5D classification of discrete integer angles – achieved a mean absolute angle error on the test set of 9.0∘. This work demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence to support visualisation and interaction in virtual reality.
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3d Echocardiography ; Deep Learning ; Virtual Reality
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0302-9743
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1611-3349
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Annual Conference on Medical Image Understanding and Analysis
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Springer
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Berlin [u.a.]
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Institute for Machine Learning in Biomed Imaging (IML)
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