PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München: The common H202D variant in GDF-15 does not affect its bioactivity but can significantly interfere with measurement of Its circulating levels.

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Karusheva, Y.* ; Ratcliff, M.* ; Mörseburg, A.* ; Barker, P.* ; Melvin, A.* ; Sattar, N.* ; Burling, K.* ; Backmark, A.* ; Roth, R.* ; Jermutus, L.* ; Guiu-Jurado, E. ; Blüher, M. ; Welsh, P.* ; Hyvönen, M.E.* ; O'Rahilly, S.*

The common H202D variant in GDF-15 does not affect its bioactivity but can significantly interfere with measurement of Its circulating levels.

J. Appl. Lab. Med. 7, 1388-1400 (2022)

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BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in the measurement of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in a range of disorders associated with cachexia. We undertook studies to determine whether a common histidine (H) to aspartate (D) variant at position 202 in the pro-peptide (position 6 in the mature peptide) interfered with its detection by 3 of the most commonly used immunoassays. METHODS: Three synthetic GDF-15-forms (HH homo-, HD hetero-, and DD-homodimers) were measured after serial dilution using Roche Elecsys®, R&D QuantikineTM ELISA, and MSD R&D DuoSet® immunoassays. GDF-15 concentrations were measured by the Roche and the MSD R&D immunoassays in 173 genotyped participants (61 HH homozygotes, 59 HD heterozygotes, and 53 DD homozygotes). For the comparative statistical analyses of the GDF-15 concentrations, we used non-parametric tests, in particular Bland-Altman difference (bias) plots and Passing-Bablok regression. The bioactivity of the 2 different homodimers was compared in a cell-based assay in HEK293S-SRF-RET/GFRAL cells. RESULTS: The Roche assay detected H- and D-containing peptides similarly but the R&D reagents (Quantikine and DuoSet) consistently underreported GDF-15 concentrations in the presence of the D variant. DD dimers had recoveries of approximately 45% while HD dimers recoveries were 62% to 78%. In human serum samples, the GDF-15 concentrations reported by the R&D assay were a median of 4% lower for HH, a median of 36% lower for HD, and a median of 61% lower for DD compared to the Roche assay. The bioactivities of the HH and DD peptides were indistinguishable. CONCLUSIONS: The D variant of GDF-15 substantially affects its measurement by a commonly used immunoassay, a finding that has clear implications for its interpretation in research and clinical settings.

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